Vol. 1, Issue 3, Part A (2019)

Shaperis a type of machine tool that uses linear relative motion between the workpiece and a single-point cutting tool to machine a linear toolpath. Its cut is analogous to that of a lathe. It can cut curves, angles and many other shapes. It is a popular machine in a workshop because its movement is very simple although it can produce a variety of work. A shaper is used to machine a single job by using a single point cutting tool and hence it cannot be used for high production rates. A single point cutting tool is rigidly held in the tool holder, which is mounted on the ram. The work piece is rigidly held in a vice or clamped directly on the table. The table may be supported at the outer end. The ram reciprocates and thus cutting tool held in tool holder moves forwards and backwards over the work piece. In a standard shaper, cutting of material takes place during the forward stroke of the ram the backward stroke remains idle. This is obtained by "Quick Return Mechanism". The depth of the cut is adjusted by moving the tool downwards towards the workpiece. The feed motion is given to the workpiece and follows the "Pawl and Ratchet mechanism".