Vol. 4, Issue 1, Part A (2022)

Buildings will have to figure out how to use new technologies and materials that deliver good performance at a reasonable cost while also minimising their environmental impact in the future. There has been a great deal of study and practical experience in the application of FA in concrete during the last decade. Consequently, the use of FA in the production of concrete is on the rise for a variety of reasons, including both performance and costs. As it becomes increasingly apparent, FA is a valuable tool in the production of high-performance concrete, high-volume FA concrete, and RCC. In the early years of low calcium FA use, there was a noticeable slowdown in strength gains. However, this may now be remedied. During the early years of employing low calcium FA, several issues were observed. Ash that has passed quality control has been employed, in part, to achieve this goal, as well as simple alterations to the proportions of different ingredients in concrete mixes (such as ash, sand and stone), cement and water.