Vol. 6, Issue 2, Part A (2024)

Crystallographic defects are inherent imperfections within the crystal structure of solid-state materials that significantly influence their optical properties. These defects can arise from various sources, including lattice vacancies, interstitial atoms, dislocations, and grain boundaries, each contributing uniquely to the optical behavior of the material. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how crystallographic defects impact the optical properties of solid-state materials. The study covers the types of crystallographic defects, their formation mechanisms, and their influence on optical phenomena such as absorption, reflection, refraction, luminescence, and scattering. The review also discusses the implications of these defects in various applications, including semiconductors, photonic devices, and optical sensors.